What approach aims to modify a patient's behavior or environment without the use of medication?

The choice of behavioral intervention is the most fitting approach for modifying a patient's behavior or environment without relying on medication. This method focuses on altering specific behaviors through various techniques such as reinforcement, modeling, and skills training. The goal is to encourage positive behavior change and help individuals develop healthier habits, often through structured programs that emphasize practical strategies.

Cognitive behavioral therapy, while effective for addressing thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors, typically involves a therapeutic framework that may integrate both behavioral and cognitive change processes. Psychotherapy encompasses a broad range of treatment modalities, which can include medication as part of a holistic treatment plan. Holistic treatment, although encompassing various aspects of a person's well-being, does not singularly target behavior modification in a structured manner without medication.

Thus, behavioral intervention stands out as the most direct approach focused specifically on changing behavior or the environment, making it the correct answer to the question.