What term describes below-average intellectual functioning that is long term and incurable?

The term that describes below-average intellectual functioning that is long-term and considered incurable is "Mental Retardation." This term reflects a range of conditions characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning, which typically manifest before the age of 18 and have a lasting impact on the individual’s ability to perform effectively in various areas of life.

Historically, mental retardation was used in clinical and educational settings to identify individuals with significant cognitive limitations. However, it is important to note that terminology in this area has evolved, and many professionals now prefer to use "intellectual disability," which is viewed as more respectful and accurate.

This choice encompasses not just the cognitive aspects of functioning but also recognizes the need for ongoing support and resources that these individuals may require throughout their lives. It reflects an understanding of the interplay between intellect and developmental aspects, acknowledging that such conditions are often accompanied by challenges in adaptive functioning.

Other options, while related, do not specifically capture the comprehensive definition of long-term, incurable intellectual functioning limitations. Cognitive impairment can refer to temporary or varying levels of cognitive issues, developmental disability may include a broader range of developmental challenges beyond intellectual functioning, and learning deficiency typically implies challenges specifically related to acquiring academic skills rather than overall intellectual capacity.