Which condition is characterized by difficulty in performing purposeful movements?

The condition that is characterized by difficulty in performing purposeful movements is known as apraxia. Apraxia refers specifically to the inability to carry out learned movements, even though the individual has the desire and physical capacity to perform the tasks. This condition often arises from damage to the brain, particularly in areas that coordinate motor planning and execution.

Individuals with apraxia may struggle with tasks such as dressing, eating, or even speaking in a clear and coordinated way. They may know what they want to do but have trouble executing the actions required to achieve those goals, which is a key feature distinguishing apraxia.

The other conditions listed have different characteristics. Aphasia primarily involves language difficulties, such as speaking or understanding spoken language. Agnosia refers to the inability to recognize objects, people, or sounds, despite intact sensory function. Dyspraxia, while also related to difficulties with movement, specifically encompasses developmental coordination issues rather than the learned movements seen in apraxia. Thus, apraxia is specifically the condition that fits the description provided in the question.